McLeod Brings Change to Coles Supermarket Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Limited is a multinational retailing corporation based in Australia and it is under the ownership of Wesfarmers. It was established in 1914 in Melbourne by George Coles, and it currently operates over 801 supermarkets all over Australia. Additionally, the company has over 100,00 employees, and alongside its greatest competitor (Woolworths), it covers over 80% of the market of Australia. The company has an online shopping link called the Coles online, and from 1986-2006, it was under Coles Myer limited. After the acquisition of the Coles Group by Wesfarmers in November 2007, the company underwent a series of underperformance, and the supermarket's chain was regarded as shabby and tired. As a result, the hiring of Ian McLeod, and the investment of $100 million by Wesfarmers started a series of transformations in Coles Supermarkets. These included the replacement of refrigeration units, cleaning up of worst stores, faulty checkouts and the introduction of leadership development programs. Regardless, the primary focus has been on establishing up to date business processes and systems, and it has started with the overhauling of supply chain and the reduction of distribution centers. We will write a custom essay sample on McLeod Brings Change to Coles Supermarket or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This ranges from making changes to the communication networks and systems to transforming the chains of distribution used in Coles supermarkets. I will offer the relevant knowledge and expertise in assisting the business towards attaining its objectives and solving its problems.

Male Eating Disorders Essay - 2485 Words

Eating Disorders in Males Eating disorders have traditionally been a â€Å"woman’s problem.† It has not been until recently that we have recognized the fact that males are suffering from these deadly disorders as well. It has been generally agreed upon that anywhere from five to 15 percent of all reported cases of eating disorders are attributed to men. This paper will examine its incidence in males and the physical and psychological aspects associated with having an eating disorder. First lets look at the history of eating disorders. The very first case of an eating disorder diagnosed was actually a male. In 1689, Dr. Richard Morton described a case of â€Å"nervous consumption† in a 16-year-old male and he was prescribed restraint from†¦show more content†¦(Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Studies have shown that over one million males are affected with anorexia nervosa yearly. (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Some have suggested that these numbers are on the rise as the media continues to assert a more and more unattainable goal of beauty on the public. The majority of the population suffering from eating disorders is female, so lets look at the general prototype of a patient. She is generally a teenager, from a middle to upper class background and white. She generally excels at schoolwork and extra-curricular activities, and is often times labeled a perfectionist. How does this differ from a male with eating disorders? Not all that much actually, he also does well in school although sports tend to be overemphasized. The family tends to play an important role in the development of eating disorders. Males tend to have very strict, domineering fathers who encouraged development in sports. It has also been recognized that many men with eating disorders may not have had a father figure around at all. (Zerbe, 1992) Their mothers have been described as overprotective and controlling. (Romero, 1994) Adolescent boys with eating disorders relate that parents or siblings are usually on diets as well and there tends to be an emphasis on food a nd dietingShow MoreRelatedMale Eating Disorders : The Silent Struggle1911 Words   |  8 PagesMale Eating Disorders: The Silent Struggle Imagine looking into a mirror and feeling absolutely repulsed with the person looking back at you. Being dissatisfied with your body is without a doubt incredibly difficult thing to deal with, especially when no one is aware of just how much you are suffering. Time and time again we hear stories of people struggling with body issues. The issue is, we often only hear about the women who are suffering with eating disorders. This leads people to come to theRead More Eating Disorders in Males Essay examples1362 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in Males Eating disorders are largely considered to be a female disease. Statistics seem to validate this perception – of the estimated five million-plus adults in the United States who have an eating disorder, only ten percent are thought to be male ((1)). Many professionals, however, hold the opinion that these numbers are incorrect – it is impossible to base the statistics on anything other than the number of adults diagnosed with eating disorders, and men are much lessRead MoreMale Eating Disorders2574 Words   |  11 PagesManual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (1998). ANRED: Males with Eating Disorders. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.anred.com/males.html Carlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. Jr., Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating Disorders in Males: A Report on 135 Patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 154, 1127-1131. Crosscope-Happel, C., Hutchins, D.E., Getz, H.G., Hayes, G.L. (2000). Male Anorexia Nervosa:Read MoreMen and Eating Disorders Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesMen and Eating Disorders About seven million women across the country suffer from eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia and, as a result most research involving these disorders have only been conducted on females. However, as many as a million men may also suffer from these same disorders. Women are not the only people prone to disliking what they see when they look into the mirror. Now a days more men are worried about their body shape. Clinical reports tell us that oneRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone mak e aware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreMen and Eating Disorders874 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone suffering from an eating disorder. What about overly health conscience, extreme muscle mass, and obsessively exercising? New disorders like Muscle Dysmorphia are being discovered in males that have not been brought to the forefront of news today. The male population is severely under calculated and usually passed over when people cover statistics and findings for eating disorders. This stigma and stance that people have while thinking only females suffer from eating disorders only makes it moreRead MoreMale Athletes With Bulimia Nervosa1347 Words   |  6 PagesMale Athletes with Bulimia Nervosa: â€Å"Dying† to Gain a Competitive Edge Over the last decade, we have become very familiar with eating disorders and its detrimental impact on young women’s physical and mental health. In particular, Schaal et al. reported eating disorders, notably bulimia nervosa, had â€Å"the highest prevalence†¦among male athletes †¦ in weight-class sports (i.e. wrestling, boxing)† (qtd. in Bratland-Sanda, Sundgot-Borgen 500). In this essay, I will draw upon current research on bulimiaRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders Among Adolescents1215 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood experiences are very influential in molding the perspectives regarding body image among individuals. Emotional invalidation coming from ones parents has been shown to be positively correlated with an increased rate of eating disorders among male and female adolescents. Research conducted by Shisslak et al. (1995) showed that among a sample of university students 91% of the women reported attempting to control their weight through a vari ety of dieting strategies. There are many factorsRead MoreThe Male Struggle with Body Image1632 Words   |  7 PagesWhat we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack in treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go through the harmful effects andRead MoreEating Disorders, Body Image Gender Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesRIGHTS (HE6) ASSIGNMENT EATING DISORDERS, BODY IMAGE GENDER Submitted to: Dr. Sivakami Muthusamy Centre for Health and Social Sciences School of Health Systems Studies, TISS, Mumbai. Submitted by: Pallavi Muraleedharan Enrollment Number: M2015HE018 Master of Health Administration (2015-17) Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Date: 16/08/2016 INTRODUCTION Eating disorders, body image and gender remain as a very complex interlinked web. Eating disorders affect people from all demographics

Writing your Story Free Essays

Today’s society, the media has succeeded in brainwashing the world . Things like, â€Å"Thin is in† â€Å"fat is out†, â€Å"eat this†, † your beautiful if you look like this†, the list goes on and on. From the media, to weight loss company, magazine articles and cosmetic lines, they all want women to take their advice because of course they know what’s best for you as a woman, right? Self-esteem, according to an article on the United States Small Business Administration (SABA) website entitled, â€Å"Self Esteem,† is appreciating one’s own worth ND importance and having the character to be accountable for oneself and to act responsibly toward others. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing your Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Is a confidence and satisfaction In oneself, and an absolute necessity (2001, pig. 1). The article also states that â€Å"nearly 1/3 of all Americans suffer from low self-esteem† (pig. 1). The media, specifically women’s fashion magazines, is increasingly being held for the self-esteem epidemic that plagues’ our society. In almost every woman’s fashion magazine such as Ell, Cosmopolitan, and Glamour are advice articles on dating and sex, weight loss and beauty. In fact, the subtitles for these articles are on almost every cover of every issue of these publications. However, these same magazines consistently put thin, attractive women on the cover of their magazines as well. Studying how these advice columns in women fashion magazines affect women will determine how often and to what extent women rely on these articles, therefore assisting in understanding the role communications and its mediums have on society. Women’s fashion magazines demonstrate how a woman should look and act and therefore have been criticized for Dolling the thin, attractive female. An article In the Journal of Family and analysis of body related content in Girl Zone,† in essence states that mainstream women’s fashion magazines make physical appearance out to be the most important aspect of a woman. The problem is that these magazines use the thin, attractive women in their magazines without explaining to the reader that the pictures have been airbrushed and therefore are presenting â€Å"fake idols†. Women’s magazines have always have always had a large effect on women’s actions, mainly by indirectly dictating the role a woman should have in society. The easiest way this can be done is by publishing advice columns that â€Å"teach† women how to keep a man and how to â€Å"look beautiful†. Today’s women’s fashion magazines, such as Vogue, Cosmopolitan, and Mademoiselle not only affect women, but also young girls. An article entitled â€Å"Narrative analysis of sexual etiquette in teenage magazines† found in the Journal of Communication discusses the messages teen magazines send to young women about social and cultural norms for sex and sexual relationships (Garner, Steer Adams, 1998). The study suggests teen magazines teach women to accept men for who they re and to change themselves so that men will desire them. The authors explain that â€Å"the rhetoric of sexual etiquette encourages young women to be sex objects and teachers of interpersonal communication rather than lovers, friends, and partners. Young women are being taught to subordinate self for others and to be contained† (pig. 59). Being a woman in today’s’ society is tough. You have to try to be something that you are not, and unless you can afford the latest diet p lan, newest makeup line, or latest fashion trend you will be left behind. It would make more ensue to promote self-worth and happiness, but that would be too easy, and how can companies capitalize and make money from you being happy with yourself? They cannot. So to make you feel like something is wrong with yourself, they have come up with way on how to improve yourself so that you can learn to accept yourself, and so will others. Not to say that all magazines are alike, because they are not, but for the most part they want you to see and do things the way they see best, and if you don’t, then society will not accept you and neither will anyone else. How to cite Writing your Story, Papers

Skin Cancer for Squamous Cell Carcinoma - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSkin Cancer for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Answer: Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of the cells of the skin that is exposed to the rays of the sun. It develops dry and scaly patches with precancerous or spot growths. There are three types of skin cancer; basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Treatment for Three Types of Cancer Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Surgery electrodesiccation and curettage- It is the most common treatment and repeated many a times to remove the cancer. Excision- It is the cutting of the tumor along the normal skin cancer. Mohs surgery- It is the best cure for the treatment of large tumors, although, time consuming and complex. Radiation therapy- It is useful when the tumors are hard to treat surgically. Photodynamic therapy, Immune response modifiers or topical chemotherapy These options are applicable for the tumors that have not grown so deep into the skin. Cryotherapy- It is used for small BCCs. Targeted Therapy During the metastasizing stage that cannot be cured by surgery or radiation therapy with targeted drugs like sonidegibor vismodegib (Berking et al. 2014). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Apart from treatment options used in BCC, there are: Lymph node dissection- It is the removal of nearby, regional lymph nodes. Systemic chemotherapy- It is used when tumor spread to distant organs or lymph nodes (Singla et al. 2015). Melanoma Apart from the above treatment options, There are immunotherapy and targeted therapy with inhibitors that prevents the cancer from growing by boosting immune system and blocking the cell signaling pathways (Lee et al. 2013). Side effects in skin cancer treatment- skin rashes, blistering, peeling, hair loss, rash, itchy skin, change in color, damage to teeth or saliva-making glands if present near structures (Simes, Sousa and Pais 2015). References Berking, C., Hauschild, A., Klbl, O., Mast, G. and Gutzmer, R., 2014. Basal cell carcinoma-treatments for the commonest skin cancer.Dtsch Arztebl Int,111(22), pp.389-95. Lee, C., Collichio, F., Ollila, D. and Moschos, S., 2013. Historical review of melanoma treatment and outcomes.Clinics in dermatology,31(2), pp.141-147. Simes, M.C.F., Sousa, J.J.S. and Pais, A.A.C.C., 2015. Skin cancer and new treatment perspectives: A review.Cancer letters,357(1), pp.8-42. Singla, A., Garg, U., Singla, B. and Garg, A., 2015. Squamous cell carcinoma of tympanomastoid regionA rare and often misdiagnosed entity.

Obesity in America Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

â€Å"Americas Obesity Epidemic. † Cartoon. BarictricFreedom, 27 June 2012. Web. 02 April 2013. The image â€Å"Americas Obesity Epidemic† is a cartoon image of Uncle Sam smoking a cigar and he is an extremely obese individual, his face looks very unhealthy and he looks nothing like the original Uncle Sam. Beside his head there is a place that indicates that he is saying something. It’s one sentence and is says â€Å"What Obesity Epidemic? † This cartoon image was made to show people that America is poorly educated on the obesity epidemic and also that America sees no problem with the obesity problem in the United States. That government along with the men and women of America are not taking the obesity epidemic seriously. Men and women do not see the dangers of being obese; America is poorly educated when it comes to the obesity epidemic. People of America know that obesity can cause problems; however, they do not know all the health risk that comes with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in America Annotated Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If obesity is causing American’s to have many health problems that can result to death, then why are Americans not already educated on this problem. Obesity in America contributes to approximately 325,000 deaths per year. It is a close second behind smoking as the leading cause of preventable deaths in America. This unown artist helps viewers understand that obesity should not be taking lightly, that something needs to change so that mean and women will know about the obesity epidemic. The only way to curb the obesity epidemic is to start by educating the people it affects. Godbout, Neil. â€Å"Tax the Producer of Junk Food, Not the Consumers. † Prince George Citizen. Prince George Citizen, 03 November 2006. Web. 02 April 2013. There are many ideas to how to help the obesity problem, one being a tax on junk food; however, should the men and women buying the junk food be taxed or the producers of the junk food? The article â€Å"Tax the Producers of Junk Food, Not the Consumers† by Neil Godbout is about how people should pay a tax on junk food in America, but who should the tax be on, the producers or the consumers of these junk foods? â€Å"People should pay more for chocolate bars, milkshakes, cookies, cakes, candy, and soda pop. The question is which people†¦who are the buyers of junk food? Once you answer that question, you get to what a junk food tax really is- a tax on the poor† (Godbout). Men and women with low income are more likely to buy junk food because of its low cost, causing them to fall victim to the producers of junk food. The consumers of junk food shouldn’t be the ones that have the tax because these men and women cannot help that they can only afford junk food. The producers of junk food are making a substantial amount of money on the sales of their product. These producers also know that their product is unhealthy and that it is a facture for causing obesity. So if these producers know that they are harming people’s health and getting rich off of it, then they should be the ones that get taxed for junk food. â€Å"But don’t just tax the producers. Go the extra mile and get aggressive, just like governments have with big tobacco. Put warnings on junk food†¦ Take some of the proceeds from junk food producers and subsidize fruit and vegetables producers, so their product are cheaper and therefore more attractive to shoppers† (Godbout). Junk food is known to be a cause for obesity. Obesity is linked to many health problems and can cause death. Since junk food is known to cause health problems then there should be a warning label that sates the health risks caused form consuming this product. If producers of junk food were taxed, the â€Å"proceeds† could go to many different things to help change the obesity epidemic. If the â€Å"proceeds† can go to helping healthier foods become cheaper than that would help the men and women with low income be able to make the right choices and help the lower class become healthier, curbing obesity in many people. Godbout’s main point for his article is to let his audience no that a tax on the consumers for junk food would just be a tax on the poor because they cannot afford the more expensive healthier foods. That the producers of junk food are making a substantial amount of money from their products even though these producers know that their product is helping cause obesity. His conclusion is that the tax should be on the producers of junk food and that the â€Å"proceeds† should go to helping make healthier food cheaper and help people health choices easier. The tax on producers is a start for helping cure obesity and that’s better than doing nothing. Hungry for Change. Dir. James Colquhoun and Laurentine Ten Bosch. 2012. Film. There are many different kinds of man-made food products. But what is really in these man-made food products? The film â€Å"Hungry for Change† directed by James Colquhoun and Laurentine Ten Bosch discusses the secrets that the food industry use to keep people coming back to their product. â€Å"We are not eating food anymore; we are eating food like products† (Dr. Alejandro Junger). The food industry is using many different kinds of chemicals to enhance and preserve food. Some of these chemicals can cause health problems and addiction. One chemical the food industry uses is called MSG. It was proved that MSG causes obesity; however, it is used in over 80% of today’s food. MSG also tricks a person’s body in to thinking it is full, but the feeling of being full only last for a short amount of time causing consumers to go back and get some more of that product. There are now so many chemicals in today’s man-made foods. These chemicals have now become an addiction to men and women everywhere. â€Å"If you addict a customer you will have a customer for life. † The producers of these foods are only worried about making money; they want consumers to come back as much as they can. They are not worried about a person’s health, they are worried about money. The goal of this film was to inform men and women on the secrets the food industry is hiding from their consumers. Klein, Sarah. â€Å"Fatty Foods May Cause Cocaine-Like Addiction. † Health Magazine. CNN. com. 30 March 2010. Web. 01 April 2013. Junk food is known to play a big part in causing obesity. So why do men and women keep going back to junk food products? The article â€Å"Fatty Foods May Cause Cocaine-Like Addiction† by Sarah Klein discusses how scientists have confirmed that junk food may be highly addictive. â€Å"A new study in rats suggest that high-fat, high-calorie foods affect the brain in much the same way as cocaine and heroin† (Klein). A study published by Paul J. Kenny, Ph. D. a professor at the Scripps Research Institute in Florida. For 40days Kenny studied three groups of lab rates, feeding them each a different kind of diet to test how the rates would react to each diet after the 40days. The first group of rates was fed â€Å"normal rate food. † The Second group groups of rates were fed â€Å"bacon, sausage, Cheesecake, frosting, and other fattening high-calorie foods- but only for one hour each day. † The last group of rates was allowed to eat unhealthy foods for up to 23 hours a day. â€Å"Not surprisingly, the rats that gorged themselves on the human food quickly became obese. But their brains also changed†¦researchers found that the rats in the third group gradually developed a tolerance to the pleasure the food gave them and had to eat more to experience a high† (Klein). Unlike the rate s that was fed normal rate food the ones in group three started to eat â€Å"compulsively. † The researchers then applied an electric shock to the rates feet while they were eating to see how each group of rates would react. When the shock was applied the rates in group one and two were scared away from eating; however, the obese rates in group three were not frightened by the shock, the rates continued to eat. The food given to the rates in group three caused the rates to act in a unusual way. â€Å"In previous studies, rates have exhibited similar bran changes when given unlimited access to cocaine or heroin† (Klein). Human food is now causing an addiction similar to cocaine and heroin. The addiction is what keeps man and women to keep coming back for more. Now that there is sings that some foods can cause addiction, people can now find a treatment to help solve the problem for food addiction and help lower obesity as well. This article lets people understand that it is not just a person’s fault for being overweight; the addiction is what is causing them to eat so much of the wrong things. Nazarko, Linda. â€Å"Increasing Obesity Awarness. † British Journal of Healthcare Assistants. (2011): n. page. Web. 02 April 2013. Being obese causes many different health problems but do mean and women really know what risk come with being obese? The article â€Å"Increasing Obesity Awareness† by Linda Nazarko discusses how the majority of people are obese and how it has become a normal thing. â€Å"It has now become normal to be overweight or obese†¦In addition, proportions of clothing have altered† (Nazarko). Clothing has changed, a size today is bigger than it was in the past, and this makes it seem normal to be overweight. Many people who are overweight or obese know that their health is at risk. Being obese causes many different health problems, psychological and physical. All the different health problems cause treatments making the cost of health care to increase. â€Å"In the past, adults produced their own food and had to work hard to feed themselves. However food is now plentiful in our socirty and physical activity levels have dropped† (Nazarko). Food is now everywhere. There is now no need for a person to grow or hunt for their food. This also takes away from the physical activity it took to grow and hunt for food. â€Å"The Government needs to act to work with the public to tackle this major public health issue† (Nazarko). If the government worked with planners and architects to make towns and cities healthy by encouraging people to walk to their destination or use stairs in buildings, it could increase activity in people’s daily life. Nazarko also discusses how the government needs to work with food industries to help reduce the unhealthy foods. Nazarko main idea is to increase obesity awareness to everyone. There are many men and women that are uneducated when it comes to obesity and do not know the issues caused from it and even how they can fix it. The best way to solve obesity is to educate the public.

David Walker on Liberation from Slavery essays

David Walker on Liberation from Slavery essays David Walker led a radical life characterized by devout zealousness in voicing slavery as atrocious and striving for ultimate manumission for his brethren. Walker's mother was free from slavery that meant David was also free. According to North Carolina law during slavery, children inherited the status of their mother. The fact that David was a free man magnifies his love for his African brethren by spending most of his life as an educated abolitionist. "He assisted the Underground Railroad and was known to provide money and clothes to people coming to town who had successfully evaded capture" (Turner 12). Walker's charismatic personality aided him in extending his sincere, heartfelt thoughts, ideas and observations to his fellow brethren. He approached the topic of liberation from slavery by writing the Appeal. He wrote to enlighten the minds of African Americans focusing on issues of the avaricious, white American who practiced tyrannical iniquity that has afflicted his brethren fo r hundreds of years. David Walker's approach of liberation from slavery has advantages and disadvantages insofar that it depends on the reader's status and worldview. Furthermore and hypothetically speaking, the reader is a slave owner than consequently, they would be extremely agitated with Walker and want him killed, hence a disadvantage to Walker's approach. On the contrary, suppose a slave, although illegal for African Americans to read, gathered the information comprised in the Appeal. As a result, the Appeal would instill the servilities with a fiery motivation to diminish the ignorance and yearn to be free, hence an advantage to Walker's approach. Disadvantages to Walker's approach most definitely came into effect when the Appeal made it into the hands of the white, slave owner. In 1826, Walker resided in Boston owning a small shop where he sold clothes. Apparently, Walker would sew a copy of the Appeal into the clothes he sold, so the literature ...

The Importance of Skara Brae Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Importance of Skara Brae - Research Paper Example The first professional excavations were concluded under the supervision of Gordon Childe, the Professor of Archeology from Glasgow University started excavating the site. The first houses were built about 3200 BC and people lived there for about six hundred years. Significantly, the village did not grow much since the time it was first built, even though about 8 generations of people passes through it. The area does not have many woods around, houses and furniture inside is made of stones, which also contributed to the village being well preserved, even though not all the houses were built or occupied at the same time. There are eight distinct houses in the settlement; each is a single-room. The floor space of each house is about 36 square meters and the walls were about three meters high. Early houses were built circular. The houses are built of the closely fitting flat stone slabs. The doorways and winding passages are low, which was preventing the winds from rushing in. There is a fire place in the central hearth. The houses are half in the ground, all huddled together and therefore insulated from the Atlantic weather, so it all made up for a very warm and cozy dwelling. The whole settlement is built inside the heap of decomposed vegetable matter, animal bones, stone and shells. There is furniture inside each house, all of which is â€Å"fitted† and made of stone. There are large stone dressers with two shelves supported on three stone legs, bedsteads, small water tanks set into the floor and rectangular seats, storage places made of stone boxes and cells in the floor and the walls. The dresser in each house is positioned in such a way that whoever would enter the house would see the display of items on the dresser. The houses are linked with each other by series of roofed tunnels, each has one entrance, most have bolt-securing hole cut in the stone to lock a stone slab door from inside. The other marvel of Skara Brae is sophisticated underground sewa ge disposal system made up of the stone built drainage channels which connected the houses to an outfall at the sea edge. The drains were made of stone and were lined up with the tree bark. This drainage system even may have included early form of toilet facilities. The roofs of the houses were supported either by driftwood or whalebone beams. Since the roofs are gone now, we can assume it was made of perishable materials. It is gone now and we can see inside. Since all houses are equipped similarly and are similar in size, and there is nothing that looks like a dwelling of a chief, it is thought that Skara Brae is a settlement of people of equal rights. It seems the village was abandoned suddenly for dweller left behind even some valuables. What was the reason we can only speculate. There are not many places in the world that has a virtually intact village that is 5,000 year old. This is Europe’s best preserved and most complete Neolithic village. It is older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids. In 1999 as a part of â€Å"The Heart of Neolithic Orkney† Skara Brae gained a status of UNESCO World Heritage Site. Skara Brae has particularly rich remarkably preserved remains of both furniture as well as wide range of domestic and ritual artifacts, drawings and symbols. All the remains with exceptional completeness gave us the picture of domestic, cultural and ritual practices of the